What is G6PD deficiency?

G6PD deficiency is a hereditary condition that affects the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which plays a crucial role in the metabolism of glucose and the protection of red blood cells. When individuals with this deficiency are exposed to certain stressors—such as infections, certain medications, or consuming particular foods like fava beans—their red blood cells can break down more rapidly than normal. This leads to hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can produce them, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, and dark-colored urine.

The condition is not related to thyroid issues, metabolic disorders involving amino acids, or congenital adrenal problems, as those pertain to entirely different areas of human physiology and pathology. Understanding the specific impact of G6PD deficiency on red blood cell integrity under stress helps in managing and preventing complications associated with the disorder.